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Helios Airways 522

Printed page iv. PDF page 4.

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Low Cabin Pressure ............ 58 1.13.3 Hypoxia..................................................................................................... 59 1.13.3.1 Symptomatology .................................................
Open final report at PDF page 4AAIASB 11/2006: Helios Airways HCY522

Helios Airways 522

Printed page 2. PDF page 14.

Masks Deployment indication, Master Caution). � Incapacitation of the flight crew due to hypoxia, resulting in the continuation of the flight via the flight management computer and the autopilot, depletion of the fuel and engine flameout, and the impact of
Open final report at PDF page 14AAIASB 11/2006: Helios Airways HCY522

Helios Airways 522

Printed page 58. PDF page 70.

of the co-pilot, and in the `healthy heart' of the pilot, we estimate that the brain hypoxia was the dominant and determinant cause that incapacitated the flying crew, with the findings of the heart being the matter of course and
Open final report at PDF page 70AAIASB 11/2006: Helios Airways HCY522

Helios Airways 522

Printed page 59. PDF page 71.

showing the variation in the height of the tropopause at different latitudes 1.13.3 Hypoxia The amount and pressure of oxygen delivered to the tissues is determined by arterial oxygen saturation, by the total oxygen-carrying capacity, and by the rate of
Open final report at PDF page 71AAIASB 11/2006: Helios Airways HCY522

Helios Airways 522

Printed page 60. PDF page 72.

decreases, leading to a lower haemoglobin oxygen percentage of saturation and finally hypoxia. However, with the onset of hypoxia a number of adaptation processes start, leading to a higher pAO2 than expected with normal breathing. The Diagram of Arterial Hemoglobin
Open final report at PDF page 72AAIASB 11/2006: Helios Airways HCY522

Helios Airways 522

Printed page 61. PDF page 73.

Diagram - Haemoglobin Oxygen Saturation and Performance (McArdle, 2001) Hypoxia, defined as an insufficient supply of oxygen, can result from any one of these factors. The following classic types of hypoxia have been distinguished: 1. Hypoxic hypoxia result
Open final report at PDF page 73AAIASB 11/2006: Helios Airways HCY522