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Printed page ii. PDF page 5.
First Officer's Incorrect Response Following Unexpected Mode Change........40 2.3.1.1 Somatogravic Illusion ............................................................................... 40 2.3.1.2 Other Factors Adversely Affecting Performance ..........................Open official document at PDF page 5Rapid Descent and Crash into Water, Atlas Air Inc. Flight 3591, Boeing 767-375BCF, N1217A, Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019
Printed page ix. PDF page 12.
go-around mode were likely made by the FO. � The first officer likely experienced a pitch-up somatogravic illusion as the airplane accelerated due to the inadvertent activation of the go-around mode, which prompted him to push forward on the elevatorOpen official document at PDF page 12Rapid Descent and Crash into Water, Atlas Air Inc. Flight 3591, Boeing 767-375BCF, N1217A, Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019
Printed page 21. PDF page 37.
basis to understand the forces affecting the pilots and to support analysis related to somatogravic illusion, which is discussed in section 2.3.1.1. 21Open official document at PDF page 37Rapid Descent and Crash into Water, Atlas Air Inc. Flight 3591, Boeing 767-375BCF, N1217A, Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019
Printed page 40. PDF page 56.
communicating with an air traffic controller at the time, consistent with his PM duties. 2.3.1.1 Somatogravic Illusion The human body uses three integrated systems to determine orientation and movement in space: vestibular (otolith organs in the inner ear that senseOpen official document at PDF page 56Rapid Descent and Crash into Water, Atlas Air Inc. Flight 3591, Boeing 767-375BCF, N1217A, Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019
Printed page 41. PDF page 57.
and an airplane rapidly accelerates or decelerates, a pilot may be susceptible to a somatogravic illusion (FAA 2016, 17-6). Somatogravic illusion is a form of spatial disorientation that results from a false sensation of pitch due to the inability ofOpen official document at PDF page 57Rapid Descent and Crash into Water, Atlas Air Inc. Flight 3591, Boeing 767-375BCF, N1217A, Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019
Printed page 54. PDF page 70.
Collision Avoidance Technology As previously stated, the accident FO likely experienced a somatogravic illusion, a form of spatial disorientation involving a pitch-up illusion. Previous accidents involving transport- category airplane pilots experiencing this phenomenon haveOpen official document at PDF page 70Rapid Descent and Crash into Water, Atlas Air Inc. Flight 3591, Boeing 767-375BCF, N1217A, Trinity Bay, Texas, February 23, 2019