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American Airlines 965

Printed page 12. PDF page 15.

available. Radio navigation facilities included the ILS (IPAS), the Cali VOR (CLO), Rozo NDB (R), the middle marker (AS), and the Cali NDB (CLO). The Tulua VOR (ULQ) was approximately 33 nautical miles north of the airfield (43 DME from
Open official document at PDF page 15Controlled flight into terrain: American Airlines Flight 965, Boeing 757-223, N651AA, near Cali, Colombia, 20 December 1995

American Airlines 965

Printed page 19. PDF page 22.

the same item Specifically, the Romeo NDB uses the letter R for its identifier. The Rozo NDB also uses the same letter R for its identifier. The letter R was assigned to both of these navaids by the Colombian government.
Open official document at PDF page 22Controlled flight into terrain: American Airlines Flight 965, Boeing 757-223, N651AA, near Cali, Colombia, 20 December 1995

American Airlines 965

Printed page 20. PDF page 23.

identifier. This n1eans that the letter R is the default value for the Romeo NDB and the Rozo NDB. Since the Bogota city and airport is larger than Cali, the larger airports are entered sequentially at the beginning to satisfy
Open official document at PDF page 23Controlled flight into terrain: American Airlines Flight 965, Boeing 757-223, N651AA, near Cali, Colombia, 20 December 1995

American Airlines 965

Printed page 55. PDF page 58.

the AA965 pilots selected a direct course to the Romeo NDB believing that it was the Rozo NDB, and upon executing the selection in the FMS permitted a turn of the airplane towards Romeo, without having verified that it was
Open official document at PDF page 58Controlled flight into terrain: American Airlines Flight 965, Boeing 757-223, N651AA, near Cali, Colombia, 20 December 1995

American Airlines 965

Printed page 21. PDF page 24.

radio beacon (NDB) in the City of Bogota, was the first and closest waypoint displayed. Rozo, which was also an NDB, was not displayed, and entering R would not call up Rozo. Rozo cou1d only called up by spelling out
Open official document at PDF page 24Controlled flight into terrain: American Airlines Flight 965, Boeing 757-223, N651AA, near Cali, Colombia, 20 December 1995